Millikan ne ya ƙirƙira oximeter na bugun yatsa a cikin 1940s don saka idanu kan yawan iskar oxygen a cikin jinin jijiya, muhimmiyar alama ce ta tsananin COVID-19.Yonker Yanzu ya bayyana yadda yatsa bugun bugun jini oximeter ke aiki?
Halayen shanyewar siffa na ƙwayoyin halitta: Lokacin da haske ya haskaka zuwa nama na halitta, ana iya raba tasirin kwayoyin halitta akan haske zuwa nau'i hudu, ciki har da sha, watsawa, tunani da haske. Idan an cire watsawa, nisan da haske ke tafiya ta hanyar nazarin halittu. Nama ana sarrafa shi ne ta hanyar sha.Lokacin da haske ya shiga wasu abubuwa masu gaskiya (m, ruwa ko gaseous), ƙarfin hasken yana raguwa sosai saboda niyya niyya na wasu takamaiman abubuwan mitar, wanda shine yanayin ɗaukar haske ta hanyar abubuwa.Nawa haske abu ya sha ana kiransa da yawa na gani, wanda kuma aka sani da absorbance.
Tsarin tsari na shayar da haske ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta a cikin dukkanin tsarin yaduwar haske, adadin kuzarin hasken da kwayoyin halitta ke sha yana daidai da abubuwa uku, wanda shine hasken haske, nisa na hanyar haske da adadin abubuwan da ke shayar da haske a kan. sashin giciye na hanyar haske.A kan jigo na kama abu, haske hanya lambar haske-sha barbashi a kan giciye sashe za a iya daukarsa a matsayin haske-sha barbashi da naúrar girma, wato abu tsotsa haske barbashi taro, na iya samun wani lambert giya ta doka: za a iya fassara a matsayin abu taro da kuma Tsawon hanya na gani a kowace naúrar ƙarar ƙarancin gani, ikon tsotsa kayan abu ikon amsa yanayin yanayin tsotsa hasken. kololuwar sha za ta canza kawai saboda haɗuwa daban-daban, amma matsayi na dangi zai kasance baya canzawa.A cikin tsarin sha, shayar da abubuwa duka suna faruwa a cikin juzu'in sashi ɗaya, kuma abubuwan da suke sha ba su da alaƙa da juna, kuma babu wani mahalli mai kyalli, kuma babu wani sabon abu na canza kaddarorin matsakaici saboda haske radiation.Sabili da haka, don maganin tare da abubuwan sha na N, ƙarancin gani shine ƙari.Additivity na gani mai yawa yana ba da tushen ka'idar don ƙididdige ƙimar abubuwan abubuwan sha a cikin gaurayawan.
A cikin na'urorin na'ura na halitta, yanki na 600 ~ 1300nm yawanci ana kiransa "taga na spectroscopy na nazarin halittu", kuma hasken da ke cikin wannan rukunin yana da mahimmanci na musamman ga yawancin sanannun da ba a san su ba da kuma ganewar asali.A cikin yankin infrared, ruwa ya zama babban abu mai ɗaukar haske a cikin kyallen jikin halitta, don haka tsayin daka da tsarin dole ne ya guje wa kololuwar ruwa don samun ingantaccen bayanin ɗaukar haske na abin da ake nufi.Sabili da haka, a cikin kewayon bakan infrared na kusa na 600-950nm, manyan abubuwan da ke cikin jikin ɗan yatsa nama tare da ƙarfin ɗaukar haske sun haɗa da ruwa a cikin jini, O2Hb (haemoglobin oxygenated), RHb (raguwar haemoglobin) da melanin fata na gefe da sauran kyallen takarda.
Sabili da haka, zamu iya samun ingantattun bayanai na tattarawar abubuwan da za'a auna a cikin nama ta hanyar nazarin bayanan da ke fitowa.Don haka lokacin da muke da adadin O2Hb da RHb, mun san jikewar iskar oxygen.Oxygen saturation SpO2shine kaso na adadin haemoglobin da ke da iskar oxygen (HbO2) a cikin jini a matsayin kaso na jimlar haemoglobin (Hb), ma'auni na bugun jini na iskar oxygen don me ake kiran shi pulse oximeter?Anan akwai sabon ra'ayi: ƙarar bugun jini yana gudana.A duk lokacin zagayowar zuciya, raguwar zuciya yana haifar da hawan jini ya tashi a cikin tasoshin jini na tushen aortic, wanda ke fadada bangon tashar jini.Sabanin haka, diastole na zuciya yana haifar da hawan jini ya fado a cikin tasoshin jini na tushen aortic, wanda ke sa bangon jini ya taso.Tare da ci gaba da maimaita sake zagayowar zuciya, canjin canjin jini na yau da kullun a cikin tasoshin jini na tushen aortic za a watsa shi zuwa tasoshin da ke ƙasa da ke da alaƙa da shi har ma da tsarin jijiya gabaɗaya, ta haka ne ke haifar da ci gaba da haɓakawa da raguwa na bangon jijiyoyin jijiya duka.Wato bugun zuciya na lokaci-lokaci yana haifar da motsin bugun jini a cikin aorta wanda ke ci gaba tare da bangon jijiyoyin jini a cikin tsarin jijiya.A duk lokacin da zuciya ta faɗaɗa kuma ta yi kwangila, canjin matsa lamba a cikin tsarin jijiya yana haifar da bugun bugun jini lokaci-lokaci.Wannan shi ne abin da muke kira bugun bugun jini.Ruwan bugun jini na iya yin nuni da yawancin bayanan ilimin lissafin jiki kamar zuciya, hawan jini da kwararar jini, wanda zai iya ba da mahimman bayanai don ganowa mara lalacewa na takamaiman sigogin jiki na jikin ɗan adam.
A cikin magani, igiyoyin bugun jini yawanci ana kasu kashi biyu ne.Matsi na bugun jini yana wakiltar watsa karfin jini, yayin da karfin bugun jini yana wakiltar canje-canje na lokaci-lokaci a cikin jini.Idan aka kwatanta da matsi na bugun jini, igiyar bugun bugun jini tana ƙunshe da ƙarin mahimman bayanai na zuciya kamar tasoshin jini da kwararar jini.Ana iya samun gano ɓarna mara ɓarna na ƙaƙƙarfan motsin bugun jini na yau da kullun ta hanyar gano igiyoyin bugun jini na photoelectric.Ana amfani da takamaiman igiyar haske don haskaka sashin aunawa na jiki, kuma katako ya kai ga firikwensin hoto bayan tunani ko watsawa.Ƙaƙwalwar da aka karɓa za ta ɗauki ingantattun bayanan halayen bugun bugun bugun jini.Saboda girman jinin yana canzawa lokaci-lokaci tare da fadadawa da raguwar zuciya, lokacin da zuciya ta diastole, ƙarar jini shine mafi ƙanƙanta, ɗaukar jini na haske, firikwensin ya gano matsakaicin ƙarfin haske;Lokacin da zuciya ta yi kwangila, ƙarar ita ce mafi girma kuma ƙarfin hasken da firikwensin ya gano shine ƙarami.A cikin gano ba tare da ɓarna ba na yatsa tare da motsin ƙarar bugun jini a matsayin bayanan ma'auni kai tsaye, zaɓin wurin aunawa ya kamata ya bi ka'idodi masu zuwa.
1. Jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini ya kamata su kasance masu yawa, kuma a inganta yawan ingantaccen bayanai kamar haemoglobin da ICG a cikin jimlar bayanan kayan da ke cikin bakan.
2. Yana da bayyanannun halaye na canjin ƙarar kwararar jini don tattara siginar bugun bugun jini yadda ya kamata
3. Don samun nau'in ɗan adam tare da maimaituwa mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali, halayen nama ba su da tasiri ta hanyar bambance-bambancen mutum.
4. Yana da sauƙi don aiwatar da ganowar gani, kuma mai sauƙin yarda da batun, don kauce wa abubuwan tsangwama kamar saurin bugun zuciya da ma'aunin matsayi wanda ya haifar da damuwa.
Tsarin tsari na rarraba jini a cikin tafin hannun mutum Matsayin hannu yana da wuya ya iya gano motsin bugun jini, don haka bai dace da gano ƙarar bugun jini ba;Hannun wuyan hannu yana kusa da jijiya na radial, siginar bugun bugun jini yana da ƙarfi, fata yana da sauƙin samar da girgizar injin, na iya haifar da siginar ganowa ban da ƙarar bugun bugun jini kuma yana ɗaukar bayanan bugun jini na fata, yana da wahala a daidaita daidai. kwatanta halaye na canjin ƙarar jini, bai dace da matsayi na aunawa ba;Kodayake dabino yana daya daga cikin wuraren da aka saba zana jini na asibiti, kashinsa ya fi yatsa kauri, kuma girman girman dabino da aka tattara ta hanyar hangen nesa ya ragu.Hoto na 2-5 yana nuna rarraba hanyoyin jini a cikin dabino.Yin la'akari da adadi, ana iya ganin cewa akwai wadatattun hanyoyin sadarwa na capillary a cikin ɓangaren gaba na yatsa, wanda zai iya nuna alamar haemoglobin a cikin jikin mutum yadda ya kamata.Haka kuma, wannan matsayi yana da bayyanannun halaye na canjin ƙarar kwararar jini, kuma shine madaidaicin ma'auni na ƙarar bugun bugun jini.Naman tsoka da kasusuwan yatsu suna da ɗan ƙaramin bakin ciki, don haka tasirin bayanan tsoma bakin baya yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi.Bugu da kari, titin yatsa yana da sauƙin aunawa, kuma batun ba shi da wani nauyi na tunani, wanda ke da amfani don samun barga mai girma sigina-zuwa amo rabo sigina.Yatsar ɗan adam ya ƙunshi kashi, ƙusa, fata, nama, jini mai jijiya da jini na jijiya.A cikin aiwatar da hulɗa tare da haske, ƙarar jini a cikin jijiya na gefen yatsa yana canzawa tare da bugun zuciya, yana haifar da canjin ma'aunin hanyar gani.Yayin da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara suna dawwama a cikin dukkanin tsarin haske.
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wani tsayin haske na musamman akan epidermis na yatsa, ana iya ɗaukar yatsan a matsayin cakuda, gami da sassa biyu: kwayoyin halitta (hanyar gani tana dawwama) da kuma kwayoyin halitta mai ƙarfi (hanyar gani tana canzawa tare da ƙarar ƙarar. abu).Lokacin da hasken ya mamaye nama na yatsa, hasken da aka watsa yana karɓar mai daukar hoto.Ƙarfin hasken da ake watsawa da na'urar firikwensin ya tattara a fili yana raguwa saboda iya ɗaukar sassa daban-daban na yatsun ɗan adam.Dangane da wannan sifa, an kafa samfurin daidai na ɗaukar hasken yatsa.
Mutumin da ya dace:
Oximeter bugun jiniya dace da mutanen da ke da shekaru daban-daban, ciki har da yara, manya, tsofaffi, marasa lafiya da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya, hauhawar jini, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis na cerebral da sauran cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini da marasa lafiya da asma, mashako, mashako na kullum, cututtukan zuciya na huhu da sauran cututtuka na numfashi.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-17-2022
