Kamar yadda mafi yawan kayan aiki na yau da kullum a cikin aikin asibiti, Multi-parameter patient Monitor wani nau'i ne na siginar halitta don dogon lokaci, gano nau'i-nau'i da yawa na ilimin lissafin jiki da yanayin marasa lafiya a cikin marasa lafiya masu mahimmanci, kuma ta hanyar ainihin lokaci da bincike ta atomatik da sarrafawa. , Canjin lokaci zuwa bayanan gani, ƙararrawa ta atomatik da rikodin atomatik na abubuwan da ke iya barazanar rayuwa. Baya ga aunawa da sa ido kan ma'auni na physiological na marasa lafiya, yana iya sa ido tare da magance matsayin marasa lafiya kafin da bayan magani da tiyata, gano canje-canje a cikin yanayin marasa lafiya a kan lokaci, da kuma samar da tushen asali ga likitoci. daidai da tantancewa da tsara tsare-tsare na likitanci, don haka rage yawan mace-macen marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsanancin rashin lafiya.
Tare da haɓaka fasahar fasaha, abubuwan saka idanu na masu lura da marasa lafiya da yawa sun haɓaka daga tsarin jijiyoyin jini zuwa numfashi, juyayi, metabolism da sauran tsarin.Hakanan an faɗaɗa tsarin daga tsarin ECG ɗin da aka saba amfani dashi (ECG), module na numfashi (RESP), module ɗin jikewar iskar oxygen na jini (SpO2), module ɗin hawan jini mara ɓarna (NIBP) zuwa yanayin zafin jiki (TEMP), module ɗin hawan jini (IBP) , cardiac displacement module (CO), noninvasive ci gaba da motsa jiki na zuciya (ICG), da kuma ƙarshen-numfashin carbon dioxide module (EtCO2) , electroencephalogram monitoring module (EEG), anesthesia gas monitoring module (AG), transcutaneous gas monitoring module, anesthesia zurfin sa ido module (BIS), tsoka shakatawa monitoring module (NMT), hemodynamics monitoring module (PiCCO), numfashi makanikai module.
Na gaba, za a raba shi zuwa sassa da yawa don gabatar da tushen ilimin lissafi, ka'ida, haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen kowane nau'i.Bari mu fara da tsarin electrocardiogram (ECG).
1: Hanyar samar da electrocardiogram
Cardiomyocytes da aka rarraba a cikin kumburin sinus, haɗin gwiwa na atrioventricular, fili na atrioventricular da rassansa suna haifar da aikin lantarki a lokacin tashin hankali da kuma samar da filayen lantarki a cikin jiki. Sanya na'urar bincike ta ƙarfe a cikin wannan filin lantarki (ko'ina cikin jiki) na iya yin rikodin rashin ƙarfi. Filin lantarki yana canzawa koyaushe yayin da lokacin motsi ya canza.
Saboda nau'ikan kayan lantarki daban-daban na kyallen takarda da sassa daban-daban na jiki, na'urorin bincike a sassa daban-daban sun rubuta canje-canje daban-daban masu yuwuwa a cikin kowane zagayowar zuciya. Waɗannan ƙananan canje-canje masu yuwuwar ana haɓaka su kuma ana yin rikodin su ta hanyar na'urar lantarki, kuma sakamakon sakamakon ana kiransa electrocardio-gram (ECG). Ana yin rikodin electrocardiogram na al'ada daga saman jiki, wanda ake kira saman electrocardiogram.
2: Tarihin fasahar electrocardiogram
A shekara ta 1887, Waller, farfesa a fannin ilimin lissafi a Asibitin Mary's na Royal Society of England, ya yi nasarar yin rikodin shari'ar farko na electrocardiogram na ɗan adam tare da na'urar lantarki ta capillary, ko da yake kawai V1 da V2 raƙuman ruwa na ventricle an rubuta su a cikin adadi, da kuma raƙuman P. ba a rubuta su ba. Amma babban aikin Waller mai albarka ya ƙarfafa Willem Einthoven, wanda ke cikin masu sauraro, kuma ya aza harsashi don ƙaddamar da fasahar electrocardiogram.
--------------------------------- (AugustusDisirire Walle) ----------------- (Waller ya rubuta na'urar electrocardiogram na mutum na farko) -------------------------------------- ------------------------ (Capillary electrometer) -----------
A cikin shekaru 13 masu zuwa, Einthoven ya sadaukar da kansa gabaɗaya ga nazarin na'urorin lantarki da na'urorin lantarki na capillary electrometer suka rubuta. Ya inganta da dama key dabaru, nasarar yin amfani da kirtani galvanometer, jiki surface electrocardiogram rubuce a kan photosensitive film, ya yi rikodin electrocardiogram nuna atrial P kalaman, ventricular depolarization B, C da repolarization D kalaman. A 1903, an fara amfani da electrocardiograms a asibiti. A cikin 1906, Einthoven ya rubuta electrocardiograms na fibrillation na atrial, bugun bugun jini da bugun bugun jini da wuri. A cikin 1924, Einthoven ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin likitanci saboda ƙirar da ya yi na rikodin electrocardiogram.
------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
3: Ci gaba da ka'idar tsarin jagoranci
A cikin 1906, Einthoven ya ba da shawarar manufar gubar gaɓoɓin hannu. Bayan haɗa na'urori masu rikodin rikodi a hannun dama, hannun hagu da ƙafar hagu na marasa lafiya bibiyu, zai iya yin rikodin gubar ƙwayar cuta ta biyu (jagoran I, gubar II da gubar III) tare da girman girma da tsayin daka. A shekara ta 1913, an gabatar da na'urar motsa jiki ta hannu bipolar bisa hukuma, kuma an yi amfani da ita ita kaɗai tsawon shekaru 20.
A cikin 1933, a ƙarshe Wilson ya kammala na'urar lantarki na gubar unipolar, wanda ya ƙaddara matsayin yuwuwar sifili da tashar wutar lantarki ta tsakiya bisa ga dokar Kirchhoff na yanzu, kuma ya kafa tsarin jagora 12 na hanyar sadarwa na Wilson.
Koyaya, a cikin tsarin jagora na 12 na Wilson, girman girman waveform na electrocardiogram na 3 unipolar limb yana jagorantar VL, VR da VF yana da ƙasa, wanda ba shi da sauƙin aunawa da lura canje-canje. A cikin 1942, Goldberger ya gudanar da ƙarin bincike, wanda ya haifar da jagororin gaɓoɓin matsi na unipolar waɗanda har yanzu ana amfani da su a yau: aVL, aVR, da aVF suna kaiwa.
A wannan gaba, an gabatar da daidaitaccen tsarin jagora na 12 don yin rikodin ECG: 3 jagorar gaɓoɓin bipolar (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Einthoven, 1913), 6 jagoran nono unipolar (V1-V6, Wilson, 1933), da 3 matsawar unipolar. Jagoran hannu (aVL, aVR, aVF, Goldberger, 1942).
4: Yadda ake samun siginar ECG mai kyau
1. Shirye-shiryen fata. Tun da fatar jiki mara kyau ce, magani mai kyau na fatar mara lafiya inda aka sanya na'urorin lantarki ya zama dole don samun siginar lantarki mai kyau na ECG. Zabi masu lebur tare da ƙarancin tsoka
Ya kamata a bi da fata ta hanyoyi masu zuwa: ① Cire gashin jiki inda aka sanya electrode. A hankali shafa fata inda aka sanya electrode don cire matattun ƙwayoyin fata. ③ A wanke fata sosai da ruwan sabulu (kada a yi amfani da ether da kuma barasa mai tsafta, domin hakan zai kara juriyar fata). ④ Bada fata ta bushe gabaɗaya kafin sanya wutar lantarki. ⑤ Shigar da maɓalli ko maɓalli kafin sanya na'urorin lantarki akan majiyyaci.
2. Kula da kula da wayar taruwar zuciya, hana jujjuyawa da kullin wayar gubar, hana shingen garkuwar wayar gubar daga lalacewa, da tsaftace datti akan faifan gubar a kan lokaci don hana iskar gubar.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-12-2023
